Criminal Simulation: Texas Penal Code §32.22

The Texas Criminal Simulation law makes it illegal to create or pass off fake antiques.

The law is designed to prevent and penalize individuals who engage in fraudulent activities related to objects, including creating deceptive items, possessing them with the intent to distribute, or providing false authentication or certification. The focus is on activities intended to defraud or harm others by misrepresenting the value or authenticity of objects.

The Criminal Simulation law applies only if you intended to harm or defraud someone.

The Texas legislature codified this criminal offense in Texas Penal Code Section 32.22. The law was not updated in 2023. In fact, this law has not been amended since 1993.

The Penal Code classifies the Texas Criminal Simulation law under Title 7 “Offenses Against Property,” Chapter 32 “Fraud.” Learn more about the Texas offense of Criminal Simulation below.

What is the current Texas law about Criminal Simulation?

Texas law currently defines the offense of Criminal Simulation in Penal Code Section §32.22 as follows:^[1]

(a) A person commits an offense if, with intent to defraud or harm another:

(1) he makes or alters an object, in whole or in part, so that it appears to have value because of age, antiquity, rarity, source, or authorship that it does not have;

(2) he possesses an object so made or altered, with intent to sell, pass, or otherwise utter it; or

(3) he authenticates or certifies an object so made or altered as genuine or as different from what it is.

How can I be charged with a Criminal Simulation offense in Texas?

You can be charged with Criminal Simulation in Texas if the state’s attorneys believe that each of the elements of 32.22(a) as described in the section above have been met.

What is the statute of limitation for Criminal Simulation in Texas?

As a misdemeanor, Criminal Simulation charges have a two-year limitations period.^[2]

What is the penalty for a Texas Criminal Simulation offense?

A conviction for Criminal Simulation in Texas is punished as a Class A misdemeanor,^[3] with a maximum possible fine under Texas state law of up to $4,000 and jail time of up to one year.

Can you get probation for Criminal Simulation in Texas?

The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure allows both judges and juries to grant probation for Criminal Simulation, and judges are also allowed to accept deferred adjudication plea deals.^[4]

Note, however, that judges may not grant community supervision after a conviction if (1) the defendant used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the commission of the felony or immediate flight thereafter and (2) the defendant used or exhibited the deadly weapon himself or was a party to the offense and knew that a deadly weapon would be used or exhibited.^[5]

What level of crime is Criminal Simulation in Texas?

The Penal Code classifies the punishment for Criminal Simulation as a Class A misdemeanor.

Learn more about the penalty range for this offense in the section above.

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Legal References:

^1. Texas Penal Code §32.22. This law is current as of 2024.^2. See Code of Criminal Procedure 12.02(a)^3. Texas Penal Code §32.22(b)^4. See Chapter 42, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Art. 42A.054, Art. 42A.056, Art. 42A.102^5. Art. 42A.054(b), Texas Code of Criminal Procedure